War of 1812
Invasion of Canada
Americans tried to invade Canada and failed in a three prong attack. The trio of invading forces that set out from Detroit, Niagara, and Lake Champlain were all beaten back shortly after they had crossed the Canadian border. British defensive operations were led by the inspired British general Isaac Brock and assisted by “General Mud” and “General Confusion.” Americans looked for success on the water, and the American navy did much better than the army. However, the American troops were disorganized, so they sought a way to find any form of weakness of the British in Canada; as a result of failure to secure Montreal, fighting continued and the Americans were pushed back in 1813 by strong Canadian and British forces; prompted U.S. to look for weaknesses elsewhere in water with the Great Lakes
Great Lakes
Great Lakes was an important place to get control of. Control of the Great Lakes was vital, and an energetic American naval officer, Oliver hazard Perry managed to build a green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie, manned by even greener seamen. Forced to withdraw from Detroit and Fort Malden, the retreating redcoats were overtaken by General Harrison’s army and beaten at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813. In short, American ships were superior to those of the British with better skilled men and motivated men, notably the ship called the Constitution; Oliver Hazard Perry captured Lake Eerie with American seamen which helped invigorate Americans into thinking that they had a chance at this war. Forced British withdrawal from Detroit and Fort Malden. (eventually defeated at Battle of Thames by General Harrison)
British Invasion of New York
Assembling some ten thousand crack troops, the British prepared in 1814 for a crushing blow into New York along the familiar lake-river route. In the absence of roads, the British invaders were forced to bring supplies over the Lake Champlain waterway. Commander of a weaker American fleet, thirty year old Thomas Macdonough challenged the British and fought in Platisburgh. And after some desperate fighting, Thomas Macdonough won against the British navy; affected negotiations of Treaty of Ghent.
Washington DC
4000 British soldiers landed in Chesapeake and tried to invade the capital; burned Washington DC; Americans held their ground and did not give up at Fort McHenry; during this time was when the “Star Spangled Banner” was written.
Fort McHenry
British bombarded McHenry with fire and cannons, but the Americans refused to surrender; Star Spangled Banner was written at this time (part of Battle of New Orleans)
Battle of New Orleans
British targeted New Orleans with a overly confident attitude against the 7000 men of Andrew Jackson; made the mistake of using a frontal assault and received their biggest loss during the war with roughly 2000 killed/wounded. Huge American Victory
Treaty of Ghent
Signed in Ghent, Belgium, ended war of 1812 in 1814; agreed to cease fighting and return conquered land; “virtual draw”, made no mention of any of the British “search and seizures” and other mistreatment to Americans. Returned borders to past size.
New England Federalists
They wanted New England to secede from Union or to find another treaty of peace with Britain alone; unhappy with the Hartford Convention; wanted to ensure the New England supremacy to the North and South agrarian states; their actions in this time would make it the last time their ideas rang or hold a successful pres. Campaign.
Hartford Convention
1814; the capture of New Orleans was foreseen so Mas had a convention in Connecticut including Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts; talked about problems and possible solutions; wanted monetary support from president for their states and get rid of 3/5 Compromise and to limit pres. Terms to one term and to ensure that presidents cannot be reelected or originate from the same state as their predecessors.
Americans tried to invade Canada and failed in a three prong attack. The trio of invading forces that set out from Detroit, Niagara, and Lake Champlain were all beaten back shortly after they had crossed the Canadian border. British defensive operations were led by the inspired British general Isaac Brock and assisted by “General Mud” and “General Confusion.” Americans looked for success on the water, and the American navy did much better than the army. However, the American troops were disorganized, so they sought a way to find any form of weakness of the British in Canada; as a result of failure to secure Montreal, fighting continued and the Americans were pushed back in 1813 by strong Canadian and British forces; prompted U.S. to look for weaknesses elsewhere in water with the Great Lakes
Great Lakes
Great Lakes was an important place to get control of. Control of the Great Lakes was vital, and an energetic American naval officer, Oliver hazard Perry managed to build a green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie, manned by even greener seamen. Forced to withdraw from Detroit and Fort Malden, the retreating redcoats were overtaken by General Harrison’s army and beaten at the Battle of the Thames in October 1813. In short, American ships were superior to those of the British with better skilled men and motivated men, notably the ship called the Constitution; Oliver Hazard Perry captured Lake Eerie with American seamen which helped invigorate Americans into thinking that they had a chance at this war. Forced British withdrawal from Detroit and Fort Malden. (eventually defeated at Battle of Thames by General Harrison)
British Invasion of New York
Assembling some ten thousand crack troops, the British prepared in 1814 for a crushing blow into New York along the familiar lake-river route. In the absence of roads, the British invaders were forced to bring supplies over the Lake Champlain waterway. Commander of a weaker American fleet, thirty year old Thomas Macdonough challenged the British and fought in Platisburgh. And after some desperate fighting, Thomas Macdonough won against the British navy; affected negotiations of Treaty of Ghent.
Washington DC
4000 British soldiers landed in Chesapeake and tried to invade the capital; burned Washington DC; Americans held their ground and did not give up at Fort McHenry; during this time was when the “Star Spangled Banner” was written.
Fort McHenry
British bombarded McHenry with fire and cannons, but the Americans refused to surrender; Star Spangled Banner was written at this time (part of Battle of New Orleans)
Battle of New Orleans
British targeted New Orleans with a overly confident attitude against the 7000 men of Andrew Jackson; made the mistake of using a frontal assault and received their biggest loss during the war with roughly 2000 killed/wounded. Huge American Victory
Treaty of Ghent
Signed in Ghent, Belgium, ended war of 1812 in 1814; agreed to cease fighting and return conquered land; “virtual draw”, made no mention of any of the British “search and seizures” and other mistreatment to Americans. Returned borders to past size.
New England Federalists
They wanted New England to secede from Union or to find another treaty of peace with Britain alone; unhappy with the Hartford Convention; wanted to ensure the New England supremacy to the North and South agrarian states; their actions in this time would make it the last time their ideas rang or hold a successful pres. Campaign.
Hartford Convention
1814; the capture of New Orleans was foreseen so Mas had a convention in Connecticut including Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts; talked about problems and possible solutions; wanted monetary support from president for their states and get rid of 3/5 Compromise and to limit pres. Terms to one term and to ensure that presidents cannot be reelected or originate from the same state as their predecessors.